李辉虎;任刚;陈利民;钟国跃;
LI Hui-hu;REN Gang;CHEN Li-min;ZHONG Guo-yue;Research Center of Chinese Herbal Medicine and Ethnic Medicine,Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine;Nanchang University;

• 1:江西中医药大学中药资源与民族药研究中心
• 2:南昌大学

摘要(Abstract)：

胶类药材是中国传统医药中特有的一类药材。由于市场需求量大、原材料紧缺及缺少完善的质量评价技术,导致市场上产品的质量参差不齐,其真伪优劣的鉴别与评价也一直是未能很好解决的问题。该文综述了目前胶类药材在药材真伪鉴别、质量优劣评价的方法和技术的研究进展。关于胶类药材的真伪鉴别与质量评价的研究,目前主要集中在基于胶类药材的理化性质、微量元素、有机化学成分和生物遗传等4个方面的方法和技术研究。基于理化性质的方法有:热分析法、凝胶电泳法、等电聚焦电泳、红外光谱法、凝胶排阻色谱法、圆二色谱法等;基于胶类药材微量元素的方法有:原子吸收光谱法、X射线荧光光谱法、等离子体发射光谱法、可见分光光度法;基于有机化学成分的方法有:氨基酸的组成、含量的检测,气味、脂溶性成分、有机酸检测等;基于生物遗传学特点的方法有:DNA、多肽、氨基酸序列差异性分析等。总体上,由于胶类药材的成分组成(氨基酸、蛋白质、肽等)相对相似,其真伪和质量优劣评价的指标难以客观选择,各种鉴别评价的方法各有特点,但也有其局限性,提示应结合胶类药材的原料药材、生产工艺的特点,从鉴别评价指标及多种技术集成应用方面加强研究。
Glues medicines is a special kind of traditional Chinese medicine.As the market demand is large,the raw materials are in short supply and lacks proper quality evaluation technology,which causes inconsistent quality of products on the market.Its authentic identification and evaluation stay a problem to be solved.In this paper,the research progress of the methods and techniques of the evaluation of the identification and quality of glues medicines were reviewed.The researches of medicinal glue type identification and quality evaluation mainly concentrated in four aspects of medicinal materials of physical and chemical properties,trace elements,organic chemicals and biological genetic methods and techniques.The methods of physicochemical properties include thermal analysis,gel electrophoresis,isoelectric focusing electrophoresis,infrared spectroscopy,gel exclusion chromatography,and circular dichroism.The methods including atomic absorption spectrometry,X-ray fluorescence spectrometry,plasma emission spectrometry and visible spectrophotometry were used for the study of the trace elements of glues medicines.The organic chemical composition was studied by methods of composition of amino acids,content detection,odor detection,lipid soluble component,organic acid detection.Methods based on the characteristics of biogenetics include DNA,polypeptide and amino acid sequence difference analysis.Overall,because of relative components similarity of the glues medicines(such as amino acids,proteins and peptides),its authenticity and quality evaluation index is difficult to judge objectively,all sorts of identification evaluation methods have different characteristics,but also their limitations.It indicates that further study should focus on identification of evaluation index and various technology integrated application combining with the characteristics of the production process.

关键词(KeyWords)： 胶类药材;阿胶;质量评价;质量标准
glues medicines;Ejiao;quality evaluation;quality standard

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation):

作者(Author): 李辉虎;任刚;陈利民;钟国跃;
LI Hui-hu;REN Gang;CHEN Li-min;ZHONG Guo-yue;Research Center of Chinese Herbal Medicine and Ethnic Medicine,Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine;Nanchang University;

Email:

DOI:

参考文献(References)：

• [1]赵文静,刚宏林.胶类动物药的临床与现代研究[J].中医药信息,2004,21(3):27.
• [2]夏文.阿胶行业潜规则:驴皮不够牛皮来凑[J].农村·农业·农民:B版,2016(9):27.
• [3]中国药典.一部[S].2015:181,189,322.
• [4]戎其月,葛文波,魏茂陈,等.不同动物皮制胶中氨基酸成分及相似度分析[J].上海中医药大学学报,2013,27(5):89.
• [5]殷学毅.阿胶、龟甲胶、鹿角胶的热分析区分鉴定[J].湖北中医药大学学报,2013,15(2):39.
• [6]李峰,张振秋,覃芳,等.五种胶类药材的凝胶电泳鉴别[J]中药材,1995,18(6):288.
• [7]李峰,张振秋,韩家珩,等.阿胶的凝胶电泳鉴别[J].时珍国医国药,1999,10(5):31.
• [8]古今,刘萍,胡景华.三种动物胶的SDS不连续聚丙烯酰胺电泳法鉴别[J].北京中医,2003,22(1):33.
• [9]陈振江,张桂枝,刘静芬,等.阿胶及其伪品的IFE研究[J].中成药,1998,20(12):31.
• [10]付英杰,侯林,李艳芝,等.Tricine-SDS-PAGE法对阿胶的酶解物鉴别[J].中成药,2013,35(10):2218.
• [11]许长华,周群,孙素琴,等.二维相关红外光谱法与阿胶的真伪鉴别[J].分析化学,2005,33(2):221.
• [12]瞿海斌,杨海雷,程翼宇.近红外漫反射光谱法快速无损鉴别阿胶真伪[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2006,26(1):60.
• [13]张仁霞,朱德全,刘丽萍,等.阿胶配方颗粒及其辅料的红外光谱鉴别[J].中医药导报,2016,22(4):60.
• [14]汪冰,肖新月,程显隆,等.凝胶排阻色谱法研究阿胶中蛋白质及多肽相对分子质量分布规律[J].药物分析杂志,2009,29(11):1886.
• [15]翟乙娟,任孝德,都恒青,等.阿胶、鹿角胶、龟甲胶圆二色谱鉴别[J].中药材,1998,21(2):66.
• [16]张宁,何邦平,林锦明,等.中药材中微量元素含量测定方法的研究进展[J].微量元素与健康研究,2008,25(3):58.
• [17]黄必胜.阿胶龟胶和鹿角胶中微量元素的测定与分析[J].时珍国医国药,2001,12(6):487.
• [18]董顺玲.原子吸收光谱法测定中成药阿胶中铜、铬、镉、铅、砷、锑、锡和汞[J].光谱学与光谱分析,1996,16(6):91.
• [19]籍国霞,嵇传良,郭尚伟,等.微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定阿胶中14种元素含量[J].明胶科学与技术,2015,35(4):182.
• [20]王文静,关颖,朱艳英.阿胶真伪品的X射线荧光光谱的鉴别研究[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2007,27(9):1866.
• [21]范晓磊,石岩,肖新月,等.市售龟甲胶质量分析研究[J].中国药事,2013,27(4):398.
• [22]梅喜艳.阿胶质量标准的提升[D].杭州:浙江大学,2013.
• [23]江佩芬,赵中杰,胡玉清,等.阿胶、新阿胶、黄明胶、马皮胶、杂皮胶的质量对比研究Ⅰ.氨基酸分析[J].天然产物研究与开发,1991,3(3):49.
• [24]于源,李峰.阿胶商品药材中氨基酸种类、含量及指纹图谱分析[J].辽宁中医杂志,2014,41(4):770.
• [25]周芳妍,李婷,刘力,等.鹿角胶中氨基酸类成分的HPLC指纹图谱[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2014,20(9):47.
• [26]李敏,郭威,于姗姗,等.一测多评法测定阿胶中4种主要氨基酸的含量[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2016,22(4):79.
• [27]王晓坤.东阿阿胶、东阿镇阿胶及黄明胶质量标准的研究[D].济南:山东大学,2008.
• [28]于海英,周永妍,程秀民.阿胶、龟甲胶中脂溶性成分的高效液相色谱指纹图谱[J].色谱,2009,27(4):447.
• [29]佘远斌,舒畅,肖作兵,等.GC-MS/GC-O结合化学计量学方法研究不同产地阿胶的关键香气组分[J].现代食品科技,2016,32(2):269.
• [30]那丽丹,陈建丽,秦雪梅,等.基于1H-NMR代谢组学的阿胶化学成分差异性分析方法初探[J].中草药,2015,46(17):2573.
• [31]刘艳艳,董书光,耿加亮,等.阿胶加工工艺过程中DNA降解规律研究[J].药学研究,2016,35(9):501.
• [32]陈志宣,龚国利.常见阿胶伪品的荧光PCR分子检测[J].陕西科技大学学报:自然科学版,2015,33(3):135.
• [33]张全芳,刘艳艳,卞如如,等.一种从阿胶及制品中提取DNA的新方法[J].食品与药品,2015,17(6):396.
• [34]陈志宣.阿胶真伪及其常见污染菌的DNA分子鉴别[D].西安:陕西科技大学,2015.
• [35]张慧,孙海新,许娜等.阿胶的半巢式-多重PCR鉴别方法研究[J].食品研究与开发,2016,37(17):103.
• [36]程显隆,李文杰,张小龙,等.UPLC-QTOF-MS结合主成分分析法用于龟甲胶、鹿角胶中添加牛皮源成分的检测研究[J].药物分析杂志,2012,6(6):931.
• [37]程显隆.胶类药材质量控制关键技术研究[D].北京:北京中医药大学,2014.
• [38]张贵锋,刘涛,王前,等.中药阿胶的质量控制方法研究[J].药物生物技术,2009,16(3):250.